Provenance of Holocene beach sand in the Western Iberian margin: the use of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test for the deciphering of sediment recycling in a modern coastal system          下载免费PDF全文

Manuel Francisco Pereira  Luís Albardeiro  Cristina Gama  Martim Chichorro  Mandy Hofmann  Ulf Linnemann 《Sedimentology》2016,63(5):1149-1167

Detrital zircons from Holocene beach sand and igneous zircons from the Cretaceous syenite forming Cape Sines (Western Iberian margin) were dated using laser ablation – inductively coupled plasma – mass spectrometry. The U–Pb ages obtained were used for comparison with previous radiometric data from Carboniferous greywacke, Pliocene–Pleistocene sand and Cretaceous syenite forming the sea cliff at Cape Sines and the contiguous coast. New U–Pb dating of igneous morphologically simple and complex zircons from the syenite of the Sines pluton suggests that the history of zircon crystallization was more extensive (ca 87 to 74 Ma), in contrast to the findings of previous geochronology studies (ca 76 to 74 Ma). The U–Pb ages obtained in Holocene sand revealed a wide interval, ranging from the Cretaceous to the Archean, with predominance of Cretaceous (37%), Palaeozoic (35%) and Neoproterozoic (19%) detrital‐zircon ages. The paucity of round to sub‐rounded grains seems to indicate a short transportation history for most of the Cretaceous zircons (ca 95 to 73 Ma) which are more abundant in the beach sand that was sampled south of Cape Sines. Comparative analysis using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov statistical method, analysing sub‐populations separately, suggests that the zircon populations of the Carboniferous and Cretaceous rocks forming the sea cliff were reproduced faithfully in Quaternary sand, indicating sediment recycling. The similarity of the pre‐Cretaceous ages (>ca 280 Ma) of detrital zircons found in Holocene sand, as compared with Carboniferous greywacke and Pliocene–Pleistocene sand, provides support for the hypothesis that detritus was reworked into the beach from older sedimentary rocks exposed along the sea cliff. The largest percentage of Cretaceous zircons (<ca 95 Ma) found in Holocene sand, as compared with Pliocene–Pleistocene sand (secondary recycled source), suggests that the Sines pluton was the one of the primary sources that became progressively more exposed to erosion during Quaternary uplift. This work highlights the application of the Kolmogorov–Smirnov method in comparison of zircon age populations used to identify provenance and sediment recycling in modern and ancient detrital sedimentary sequences.  相似文献   

Multi-temporal InSAR evidence of ground subsidence induced by groundwater withdrawal: the Montellano aquifer (SW Spain)     

Ana Ruiz-Constán  Antonio M. Ruiz-Armenteros  Francisco Lamas-Fernández  Sergio Martos-Rosillo  J. Manuel Delgado  David P. S. Bekaert  Joaquim João Sousa  Antonio J. Gil  Miguel Caro Cuenca  Ramon F. Hanssen  Jesús Galindo-Zaldívar  Carlos Sanz de Galdeano 《Environmental Earth Sciences》2016,75(3):242

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Reliability assessment of granular filters in embankment dams     

Roberto Mínguez  Fernando Delgado  Ignacio Escuder  Manuel G. de Membrillera 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》2006,30(10):1019-1037

Empirical criteria have been used successfully to design filters of most embankment large dam projects throughout the world. However, these empirical rules are only applicable to a particular range of soils tested in laboratory and do not take into account the variability of the base material and filter particle sizes. In addition, it is widely accepted that the safety of fill dams is mainly dependent on the reliability of their filter performance. The work herein presented consists in a new general method for assessing the probability of fulfilling any empirical filter design criteria accounting for base and filter heterogeneity by means of first‐order reliability methods (FORM), so that reliability indexes and probabilities of fulfilling any particular criteria are obtained. This method will allow engineers to estimate the safety of existing filters in terms of probability of fulfilling their design criteria and might also be used as a decision tool on sampling needs and material size tolerances during construction. In addition, sensitivity analysis makes possible to analyse how reliabilities are influenced by different sources of input data. Finally, in case of a portfolio risk assessment, this method will allow engineers to compare the safety of several existing dams in order to prioritize safety investments and it is expected to be a very useful tool to evaluate probabilities of failure due to internal erosion. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Runoff generation and routing on artificial slopes in a Mediterranean–continental environment: the Teruel coalfield,Spain     

Jos‐Manuel Nicolau 《水文研究》2002,16(3):631-647

The aim of this study was to identify the mechanisms of runoff generation and routing and their controlling factors at the hillslope scale, on artificial slopes derived from surface coal mining reclamation in a Mediterranean–continental area. Rainfall and runoff at interrill and microcatchment scales were recorded for a year on two slopes with different substrata: topsoil cover and overburden cover. Runoff coefficient and runoff routing from interrill areas to microcatchment outlets were higher in the overburden substratum than in topsoil, and greater in the most developed rill network. Rainfall volume is the major parameter responsible for runoff response on overburden, suggesting that this substratum is very impermeable—at least during the main rainfall periods of the year (late spring and autumn) when the soil surface is sealed. In such conditions, most rainfall input is converted into runoff, regardless of its intensity. Results from artificial rainfall experiments, conducted 3 and 7 years after seeding, confirm the low infiltration capacity of overburden when sealed. The hydrological response shows great seasonal variability on the overburden slope in accordance with soil surface changes over the year. Rainfall volume and intensities (I₃₀, I₆₀) explain runoff at the interrill scale on the topsoil slope, where rainfall experiments demonstrated a typical Hortonian infiltration curve. However, no correlation was found at the microcatchment level, probably because of the loss of functionality of the only rill as ecological succession proceeded. The runoff generation mechanism on the topsoil slope is more homogeneous throughout the year. Runoff connectivity, defined as the ratio between runoff rates recorded at the rill network scale and those recorded at the interrill area scale in every rainfall event, was also greater on the rilled overburden slope, and in the most developed rill network. The dense rill networks of the overburden slope guarantee very effective runoff drainage, regardless of rainfall magnitude. Rills drain overland flow from interrill‐sealed areas, reducing the opportunity of reinfiltration in areas not affected by siltation. Runoff generation and routing on topsoil slopes are controlled by grass cover and soil moisture content, whereas on overburden slopes rill network density and soil moisture content are the main controlling factors. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

Preliminary Report On Distribution of Karst Landscapes In Cuba and Their Relation To Geology *     

Manuel A. Iturralde-Vinent 《The Professional geographer》1967,19(4):208-209

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Mathematical model for one-dimensional desiccation and consolidation of sedimented soils     

Manuel Casteleiro  Raymond J. Krizek  Tuncer B. Edil 《国际地质力学数值与分析法杂志》1981,5(2):195-215

A mathematical model has been developed to represent the physical phenomena that occur during the desiccation and one-dimensional consolidation of successive layers of hydraulically transported sediments as they are periodically deposited in a containment area. The governing boundary value problem, defined in terms of pore water pressures, consists of two field equations (one for the saturated domain and one for the unsaturated domain), a drainage boundary condition, an evapotranspiration boundary condition and a series of continuity conditions at the interfaces between different layers. A number of simplifying assumptions were made to render the field equations tractable, and a step-by-step numerical procedure was used to solve the linearized boundary value problem; at the end of each step, the errors introduced by the simplifying assumptions were corrected. Based on a thorough study of the convergence and stability conditions associated with the numerical approximation employed, a system of automatic corrections was incorporated into the computer program to reduce the time increment if stability problems originate during the solution. Based on the results of a parameter study, it was found that, although drainage conditions at the bottom of the, layer do exert some influence on the consolidation rate during deposition of the dredgings, the evapotranspiration potential renders this effect almost negligible when desiccation takes place at the surface. In contrast, transpiration plays an important, role on the consolidation rate during the early stages of desiccation, but its effect is reduced considerably as the water table approaches an equilibrium position.  相似文献   

The lyman alpha line in solar prominences     

Fontenla  Juan Manuel  Rovira  Marta 《Solar physics》1983,85(1):141-156

Solar Physics - We present simplified models for the region where Lα is formed, in the boundary between prominences and corona. The models were calculated by solving the radiation transfer in...  相似文献   

The life history of Serratella ignita (Poda, 1761) (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) in a temporary and permanent Mediterranean stream     

Manuel J. López-Rodríguez  J. Manuel Tierno de Figueroa  Javier Alba-Tercedor 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2009,71(2):179-188

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Potential impact of climate change on aquatic insects: A sensitivity analysis for European caddisflies (Trichoptera) based on distribution patterns and ecological preferences   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Daniel Hering  Astrid Schmidt-Kloiber  John Murphy  Sofie Lücke  Carmen Zamora-Muñoz  Manuel Jesús López-Rodríguez  Thomas Huber  Wolfram Graf 《Aquatic Sciences - Research Across Boundaries》2009,71(1):3-14

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Precipitation and mixing properties of the “disordered” (Mn,Ca)CO₃ solid solution     

Dionisis Katsikopoulos  Ángeles Fernández-González  Manuel Prieto 《Geochimica et cosmochimica acta》2009,73(20):6147-455

The enthalpy of mixing of the calcite-rhodochrosite (Ca,Mn)CO₃ solid solution was determined at 25 °C from calorimetric measurements of the enthalpy of precipitation of solids with different compositions. A detailed study of the broadening of powder X-ray diffraction peaks shows that most of the precipitates are compositionally homogeneous. All the experimental enthalpy of mixing (ΔH^m) values are positive and fit reasonably well (R² = 0.86) to a Guggenheim function of three terms: